MathifyCalculator tools

356

Physics

356 calculators

Physics

Mechanics, electricity, and engineering calculations

Launch a calculator

356 available

Popular

Featured picks for quick starts

Velocity Calculator

Calculate speed, velocity, and acceleration

All Physics calculators

Ohm's Law Calculator

Calculate voltage, current, resistance, and power

Force Calculator

Calculate force using Newton's second law

Kinetic Energy Calculator

Calculate classical kinetic energy and momentum from mass and speed.

Ideal Gas Law Calculator

Solve one missing pressure, volume, amount, or temperature value with PV = nRT.

Projectile Motion Calculator

Find flight time, horizontal range, and maximum height for a projectile.

Acoustic Impedance Calculator

Calculate specific acoustic impedance from density and sound speed.

Air Density Calculator

Calculate air density with the ideal-gas equation and explicit gas constant.

Air Pressure at Altitude Calculator

Estimate pressure with the troposphere barometric formula.

Alfvén Velocity Calculator

Calculate magnetohydrodynamic Alfvén speed from field strength and mass density.

Altitude Temperature Calculator

Estimate temperature using a linear standard-atmosphere lapse-rate model.

Angle of Refraction Calculator

Apply Snell's law to find the refracted angle.

Angle of Repose Calculator

Calculate angle of repose from a coefficient of friction.

Angle of Twist Calculator

Calculate torsional twist for a solid circular shaft.

Angular Acceleration Calculator

Calculate angular acceleration from angular velocities and elapsed time.

Angular Displacement Calculator

Calculate angular displacement under constant angular acceleration.

Angular Frequency Calculator

Convert frequency to angular frequency and period.

Angular Momentum Calculator

Calculate angular momentum from moment of inertia and angular velocity.

Angular Resolution Calculator

Estimate diffraction-limited resolution with the Rayleigh criterion.

Angular Velocity Calculator

Calculate average angular velocity from displacement and time.

Aperture Area Calculator

Calculate the area of a circular aperture.

API Gravity Calculator

Convert liquid specific gravity to API gravity.

Archimedes' Principle Calculator

Calculate buoyant force from displaced fluid volume and density.

Attenuation Calculator

Calculate power attenuation in decibels.

Ballistic Coefficient Calculator

Calculate mass ballistic coefficient from mass, drag coefficient, and diameter.

Bank Angle Calculator

Calculate the ideal bank angle for a coordinated level turn.

Beat Frequency Calculator

Calculate the beat frequency between two tones.

Belt Length Calculator

Estimate open-belt length from pulley radii and center distance.

Bend Allowance Calculator

Calculate sheet-metal bend allowance with an explicit K-factor.

Bernoulli Equation Calculator

Solve the ideal incompressible Bernoulli equation for outlet pressure.

Biot Number Calculator

Calculate the dimensionless Biot number for heat transfer.

Black Hole Calculator

Calculate Schwarzschild radius from black-hole mass.

Black Hole Temperature Calculator

Estimate Hawking temperature for a non-rotating, uncharged black hole.

Blackbody Radiation Calculator

Calculate Stefan–Boltzmann radiative flux and total power.

Bohr Model Calculator

Calculate hydrogenic energy level and orbital radius in the Bohr model.

Boltzmann Factor Calculator

Calculate the relative Boltzmann population factor from energy and temperature.

Boost Converter Calculator

Calculate ideal boost-converter output voltage from input voltage and duty cycle.

Boyle's Law Calculator

Solve an isothermal ideal-gas final volume from P₁V₁=P₂V₂.

Bragg's Law Calculator

Calculate diffraction angle from order, wavelength, and lattice spacing.

Brewster Angle Calculator

Calculate the polarization angle from two refractive indices.

Brinell Hardness Number Calculator

Calculate the standard Brinell hardness number from an indentation test.

Buck Converter Calculator

Calculate ideal buck-converter output voltage from input voltage and duty cycle.

Bulk Modulus Calculator

Calculate bulk modulus from pressure change and volumetric strain.

Bullet Energy Calculator

Calculate classical kinetic energy and momentum from mass and speed.

Buoyant Force Calculator

Calculate Archimedes buoyant force from displaced fluid volume.

Calorimetry Calculator

Calculate sensible heat transfer Q=mcΔT.

Capacitance Calculator

Calculate capacitance from stored charge and voltage.

Capacitive Reactance Calculator

Calculate AC capacitive reactance Xc=1/(2πfC).

Capacitor Charge Time Calculator

Calculate ideal RC charging voltage and charge fraction after a time.

Capacitor Energy Calculator

Calculate energy stored in a capacitor at a given voltage.

Capacitors in Series Calculator

Calculate equivalent capacitance for two or three capacitors in series.

Car Crash Force Calculator

Estimate average force from mass, speed change, and stopping time.

Car Mass Center Calculator

Calculate one-dimensional center of mass from two axle/component masses.

AC Wattage Calculator

Calculate single-phase apparent AC power from RMS voltage and current.

Acceleration Due to Gravity Calculator

Calculate Newtonian gravitational acceleration from source mass and distance.

Particle Acceleration in an Electric Field Calculator

Calculate acceleration from charge, uniform electric field, and particle mass.

Binoculars Range Calculator

Calculate geometric range from target height and full apparent angular size; no visibility or recognition model is inferred.

Electric Motor Torque Calculator

Calculate shaft torque from mechanical power and rotational speed.

Electric Potential Calculator

Calculate point-charge electric potential at a specified distance.

Electrical Mobility Calculator

Calculate charge-carrier mobility from drift speed and electric field.

Electrical Power Calculator

Calculate DC electrical power from voltage and current.

Elongation Calculator

Calculate axial elastic elongation of a uniform bar.

E = mc² Calculator

Convert rest mass to its mass-equivalent energy.

Electric and Magnetic Field Energy Density Calculator

Calculate vacuum electromagnetic field energy density.

Energy to Wavelength Calculator

Calculate photon wavelength from energy.

Enthalpy Calculator

Calculate thermodynamic enthalpy from internal energy, pressure, and volume.

Escape Velocity Calculator

Calculate ideal two-body escape velocity.

Excess Electrons Calculator

Calculate excess electron count from net charge.

Factor of Safety Calculator

Calculate the ratio of failure stress to applied stress.

Flow Rate Calculator

Calculate volumetric flow rate from volume and elapsed time.

Flywheel Energy Storage Calculator

Calculate rotational energy stored in a flywheel.

Foot-Pounds of Energy Calculator

Convert foot-pound-force energy to joules.

Free Fall Calculator

Calculate ideal free-fall impact speed and time under constant gravity.

Carnot Efficiency Calculator

Calculate ideal reversible heat-engine efficiency from hot and cold absolute temperatures.

Centrifugal Force Calculator

Calculate the magnitude of the rotating-frame centrifugal force.

Centrifuge Speed Calculator

Convert relative centrifugal force and rotor radius to revolutions per minute.

Centripetal Force Calculator

Calculate centripetal force and acceleration for uniform circular motion.

Charles' Law Calculator

Solve ideal-gas volume changes at constant pressure using absolute temperatures.

Coefficient of Discharge Calculator

Calculate discharge coefficient from actual and ideal theoretical flow rates.

Compressibility Factor Calculator

Calculate real-gas compressibility factor Z from pressure, volume, amount, and temperature.

Compton Scattering Calculator

Calculate Compton wavelength shift and scattered wavelength for a photon.

Compton Wavelength Calculator

Calculate a particle's Compton wavelength from its rest mass.

Conductivity to Resistivity Calculator

Convert electrical conductivity to resistivity by taking the reciprocal.

Conservation of Momentum Calculator

Calculate common velocity after a one-dimensional perfectly inelastic collision.

Contact Lens Vertex Calculator

Convert spectacle power to vertex power with an explicit vertex distance.

Coriolis Effect Calculator

Calculate Coriolis acceleration magnitude from rotation rate, speed, and latitude.

Coulomb's Law Calculator

Calculate electrostatic force magnitude between two point charges.

Critical Damping Calculator

Calculate critical viscous damping for a single mass-spring system.

Cube Density Calculator

Calculate cube volume and density from mass and side length.

Curie's Law Calculator

Calculate paramagnetic susceptibility from Curie constant and absolute temperature.

Current Divider Calculator

Calculate current in each branch of a two-resistor current divider.

Cutoff Frequency Calculator

Calculate the −3 dB cutoff frequency of a first-order RC filter.

Cyclotron Frequency Calculator

Calculate non-relativistic cyclotron frequency in a uniform magnetic field.

Damping Ratio Calculator

Calculate damping ratio for a viscous mass-spring-damper system.

Darcy-Weisbach Calculator

Calculate pipe head loss and pressure loss with an explicit Darcy friction factor.

Darcy's Law Calculator

Calculate porous-media volumetric flow from explicit SI inputs.

De Broglie Wavelength Calculator

Calculate matter-wave wavelength from mass and speed using the non-relativistic momentum model.

Debye Length Calculator

Calculate single-species plasma Debye length from temperature, number density, and charge magnitude.

Delta to Wye Converter

Convert three delta-connected resistances to their equivalent wye resistances.

Delta-v Calculator

Calculate ideal rocket delta-v with the Tsiolkovsky equation.

Density, Mass & Volume Calculator

Calculate density and weight from explicit mass, volume, and gravity inputs.

Dew Point Calculator

Estimate dew-point temperature with the Magnus approximation.

Differential Pressure Calculator

Calculate signed and absolute pressure difference between two points.

Diopter Calculator

Calculate optical power from focal length in metres.

Dipole Moment Calculator

Calculate electric dipole-moment magnitude from charge and separation.

Distance to Horizon Calculator

Calculate geometric horizon distance for an observer above a spherical planet.

Drag Equation Calculator

Calculate quadratic drag force from density, drag coefficient, area, and speed.

Drift Velocity Calculator

Calculate charge-carrier drift speed from current, carrier density, charge, and area.

Earth Curvature Calculator

Calculate spherical-Earth curvature drop across a chord distance.

Elastic Potential Energy Calculator

Calculate ideal linear-spring energy and restoring-force magnitude.

Electric Field of a Point Charge Calculator

Calculate point-charge electric-field magnitude and potential in SI units.

Free-Space Path Loss Calculator

Calculate Friis free-space path loss from frequency and distance.

Frequency Calculator

Calculate frequency and angular frequency from a period.

Frequency Converter

Convert a frequency in hertz to common SI multiples.

Frequency of Light Calculator

Calculate electromagnetic frequency from wavelength in vacuum.

Fresnel Zone Calculator

Calculate the radius of a selected Fresnel zone.

Friction Calculator

Calculate Coulomb friction force from coefficient and normal force.

Froude Number Calculator

Calculate the dimensionless Froude number.

Fulcrum Calculator

Solve an ideal lever torque balance.

G-Force Calculator

Convert acceleration to multiples of standard Earth gravity.

Gas Density Calculator

Calculate ideal-gas density from pressure, molar mass, and temperature.

Gauss's Law Calculator

Calculate enclosed charge from electric flux and permittivity.

Gay-Lussac's Law Calculator

Solve pressure and temperature at constant volume.

Gear Ratio Calculator

Calculate ideal gear ratio, output speed, and torque.

Gravitational Force Calculator

Calculate Newtonian force between two point masses.

Harmonic Wave Equation Calculator

Evaluate a sinusoidal travelling-wave equation.

Heat Capacity Calculator

Calculate heat capacity and specific heat from heat and temperature change.

Insertion Loss Calculator

Calculate power-ratio insertion loss in decibels.

Internal Resistance Calculator

Calculate source internal resistance from EMF, terminal voltage, and current.

Inverse Square Law Calculator

Scale a source quantity between two distances using an inverse-square relationship.

Joule Heating Calculator

Calculate resistive power and heat generated over time.

Kepler's Third Law Calculator

Calculate two-body orbital period from semi-major axis and central mass.

Kilograms to Newtons Calculator

Calculate weight from mass and explicit gravitational acceleration.

Knudsen Number Calculator

Calculate the ratio of mean free path to characteristic length.

kVA Calculator

Calculate single-phase apparent power from RMS voltage and current.

kVA to Amperage Calculator

Calculate single-phase RMS current from apparent power and voltage.

Laser Beam Divergence Calculator

Estimate geometric full-angle divergence from beam diameters and propagation distance.

Laser Beam Expander Calculator

Calculate beam-expander magnification from input and output diameters.

Latent Heat Calculator

Calculate phase-change heat from mass and specific latent heat.

LC Filter Calculator

Calculate ideal LC resonant frequency.

Length Contraction Calculator

Calculate relativistic length contraction from proper length and speed.

Lensmaker's Equation Calculator

Calculate thin-lens focal length from indices and signed surface radii.

Lever Calculator

Calculate effort force and mechanical advantage for a static lever.

Lift Coefficient Calculator

Calculate aerodynamic lift coefficient from lift, density, speed, and area.

Lightning Distance Calculator

Estimate distance from flash-to-thunder delay and sound speed.

Linear Actuator Force Calculator

Calculate ideal screw-actuator force from torque, lead, and efficiency.

LMTD Calculator

Calculate log-mean temperature difference for a heat exchanger.

Lorentz Force Calculator

Calculate magnetic force magnitude on a moving charge.

Low-Pass Filter Calculator

Calculate ideal first-order RC low-pass cutoff frequency.

Heat Transfer Coefficient Calculator

Calculate an overall heat-transfer coefficient from heat rate, area, and temperature difference.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Calculator

Find the minimum momentum uncertainty allowed by a position uncertainty.

Hooke's Law Calculator

Calculate spring force and elastic energy for a linear spring.

Hoop Stress Calculator

Calculate thin-wall pressure-vessel hoop stress.

Hubble's Law Calculator

Estimate recession velocity from the Hubble constant and distance.

Hydraulic Conductivity Calculator

Calculate Darcy hydraulic conductivity from a measured flow experiment.

Hydraulic Gradient Calculator

Calculate hydraulic gradient from head loss and flow length.

Hydraulic Pressure Calculator

Calculate pressure at depth in a fluid column.

Hydraulic Radius Calculator

Calculate hydraulic radius from wetted area and perimeter.

Hydrogen Energy Levels Calculator

Calculate a hydrogenic atom's energy at a principal quantum level.

Ideal Gas Density Calculator

Calculate ideal-gas density from pressure, molar mass, and absolute temperature.

Ideal Rocket Equation Calculator

Calculate ideal delta-v using the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation.

Ideal Transformer Calculator

Calculate secondary voltage from turns ratio and primary voltage.

Immersed Weight Calculator

Calculate apparent weight after buoyancy in a fluid.

Impact Energy Calculator

Calculate kinetic energy at impact from mass and speed.

Impulse and Momentum Calculator

Calculate impulse and one-dimensional momentum from explicit inputs.

Inclined Plane Calculator

Calculate frictionless inclined-plane acceleration and force components.

Index of Refraction Calculator

Calculate refractive index from the speed of light in a medium.

Inductive Reactance Calculator

Calculate inductor reactance from frequency and inductance.

Inductor Energy Calculator

Calculate energy stored in an inductor's magnetic field.

NE555 Astable Calculator

Calculate ideal 555 astable oscillator frequency and duty cycle.

Newton's Law of Cooling Calculator

Estimate temperature change with the ideal exponential Newton cooling model.

Noise Figure Calculator

Calculate noise factor and noise figure from input and output signal-to-noise ratios.

Normal Force Calculator

Calculate the ideal normal reaction on a frictionless horizontal or inclined plane.

Number Density Calculator

Calculate particle number density from count and volume.

Nusselt Number Calculator

Calculate dimensionless Nusselt number from convection, length, and conductivity.

Optical Density Calculator

Calculate optical density and transmittance from incident and transmitted intensity.

Orbital Velocity Calculator

Calculate circular orbital velocity around a central mass.

Orifice Flow Calculator

Calculate ideal orifice flow from discharge coefficient, area, pressure drop, and density.

Parallax Calculator

Estimate distance from annual stellar parallax in arcseconds.

Parallel Capacitor Calculator

Calculate equivalent capacitance for two ideal capacitors in parallel.

Parallel Inductors Calculator

Calculate equivalent inductance for two uncoupled ideal inductors in parallel.

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate equivalent resistance for two resistors in parallel.

Pendulum Frequency Calculator

Calculate ideal small-angle simple pendulum frequency.

Pendulum Period Calculator

Calculate ideal small-angle simple pendulum period.

Coefficient of Performance Calculator

Calculate heating or cooling coefficient of performance from useful heat and input work.

Photoelectric Effect Calculator

Calculate photon energy, maximum electron kinetic energy, and stopping potential.

Photon Energy Calculator

Calculate photon energy and frequency from wavelength.

Physical Pendulum Calculator

Calculate ideal small-angle physical pendulum period from inertia and center-of-mass distance.

Pipe Flow Calculator

Calculate laminar volumetric flow through a round pipe.

Pipe Velocity Calculator

Calculate mean pipe velocity from volumetric flow and diameter.

Piston Speed Calculator

Calculate average piston speed from stroke and cycle frequency.

Poise–Stokes Converter

Convert dynamic viscosity and density to kinematic viscosity.

Poisson's Ratio Calculator

Calculate Poisson's ratio from signed engineering strains.

Polar Moment of Inertia Calculator

Calculate the polar second moment for a solid circular shaft.

Potential Energy Calculator

Calculate gravitational potential energy from mass, height, and gravity.

Power Factor Calculator

Calculate power factor from real and apparent power.

Power-to-Weight Ratio Calculator

Calculate specific power from power and mass.

Prandtl Number Calculator

Calculate Prandtl number from fluid properties.

Principal Stress Calculator

Calculate plane-stress principal values and maximum shear.

Pulley Calculator

Calculate ideal pulley effort and mechanical advantage.

Pump Horsepower Calculator

Calculate pump shaft power from flow, head, density, and efficiency.

Radar Horizon Calculator

Calculate geometric line-of-sight distance for two antenna heights.

Radiation Pressure Calculator

Calculate radiation pressure from intensity and reflection factor.

RC Circuit Calculator

Calculate first-order RC time constant and cutoff frequency.

RC Filter Calculator

Calculate low-pass RC magnitude and attenuation.

Luminosity Calculator

Calculate isotropic luminosity from flux and distance.

Lux to Foot-candle Converter

Convert illuminance from lux to foot-candles.

Mach Number Calculator

Calculate Mach number from speed and local sound speed.

Magnetic Dipole Moment Calculator

Calculate current-loop magnetic dipole moment.

Magnetic Field of a Straight Wire Calculator

Calculate the field around an ideal straight current-carrying wire.

Magnetic Force Between Wires Calculator

Calculate force per unit length between parallel currents.

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire Calculator

Calculate force on a wire segment in a uniform magnetic field.

Magnetic Permeability Calculator

Calculate absolute and relative magnetic permeability.

Magnitude of Acceleration Calculator

Calculate acceleration-vector magnitude from Cartesian components.

Malus Law Calculator

Calculate ideal polarized-light transmission through an analyzer.

Mass to Density Calculator

Calculate density from mass and volume.

Maximum Projectile Height Calculator

Calculate ideal projectile maximum height without drag.

Mechanical Advantage Calculator

Calculate ideal mechanical advantage from load and effort forces.

Mirror Equation Calculator

Solve the paraxial mirror equation for image distance.

Momentum Calculator

Calculate classical linear momentum from mass and velocity.

Natural Frequency Calculator

Calculate undamped single-degree-of-freedom natural frequency.

Recoil Energy Calculator

Calculate nonrelativistic recoil kinetic energy from momentum and mass.

Redshift Calculator

Calculate measured spectral redshift from rest and observed wavelengths.

Reduced Mass Calculator

Calculate two-body reduced mass.

Relativistic Kinetic Energy Calculator

Calculate relativistic kinetic energy below the speed of light.

Resistor Wattage Calculator

Calculate ideal resistor power and current from voltage and resistance.

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

Calculate ideal LC resonant frequency.

Resultant Force Calculator

Calculate force-vector magnitude from Cartesian components.

Resultant Velocity Calculator

Calculate velocity-vector magnitude from Cartesian components.

Reynolds Number Calculator

Calculate Reynolds number from fluid properties.

RLC Impedance Calculator

Calculate series-RLC impedance magnitude and phase.

Root Mean Square Speed Calculator

Calculate ideal-gas molecular RMS speed.

RMS Voltage Calculator

Calculate sinusoidal RMS voltage from peak voltage.

Rolling Resistance Calculator

Calculate ideal rolling-resistance force.

Rotational Kinetic Energy Calculator

Calculate rotational kinetic energy from inertia and angular speed.

Rydberg Equation Calculator

Calculate hydrogenic transition wavelength.

Sensible Heat Calculator

Calculate sensible heat from mass, specific heat, and temperature change.

Series Inductors Calculator

Calculate equivalent inductance for series inductors.

Series Resistor Calculator

Calculate equivalent resistance for series resistors.

Stress Calculator

Calculate normal stress from force and loaded area.

Synodic Period Calculator

Calculate the repeat period from two orbital periods.

Telescope Magnification Calculator

Calculate angular magnification from objective and eyepiece focal lengths.

Terminal Velocity Calculator

Calculate terminal speed for quadratic drag in a uniform fluid.

Thermal Conductivity Calculator

Calculate steady one-dimensional slab conductivity using Fourier conduction.

Thermal Diffusivity Calculator

Calculate thermal diffusivity from conductivity, density, and heat capacity.

Thermal Efficiency Calculator

Calculate useful thermal output as a fraction of supplied input energy.

Thermal Expansion Calculator

Calculate linear expansion of an unconstrained homogeneous bar.

Thermal Resistance Calculator

Calculate planar conduction resistance through a uniform layer.

Thermal Stress Calculator

Calculate stress in a fully constrained uniaxial material.

Thin Lens Equation Calculator

Calculate image distance and magnification for a Gaussian thin lens.

Thrust-to-Weight Ratio Calculator

Calculate thrust divided by vehicle weight.

Time Dilation Calculator

Calculate special-relativistic elapsed time at a given speed.

Projectile Time-of-Flight Calculator

Calculate ideal no-drag flight time when launch and landing heights match.

TNT Equivalent Calculator

Convert energy to metric tonnes and kilograms of TNT equivalent.

Torque Calculator

Calculate torque magnitude from force, lever arm, and included angle.

Shear Modulus Calculator

Calculate shear modulus from shear stress and engineering shear strain.

Shear Strain Calculator

Calculate engineering shear strain from lateral displacement and specimen thickness.

Shear Stress Calculator

Calculate average shear stress from force and shear area.

Shear Wave Velocity Calculator

Calculate shear-wave speed from shear modulus and density.

Signal-to-Noise Ratio Calculator

Calculate linear and decibel SNR from signal and noise powers.

Simple Harmonic Motion Calculator

Evaluate position, velocity, and acceleration for sinusoidal simple harmonic motion.

Skin Depth Calculator

Calculate good-conductor electromagnetic skin depth.

Slenderness Ratio Calculator

Calculate effective-length slenderness ratio from radius of gyration.

Snell's Law Calculator

Calculate a refracted angle using Snell's law.

Solenoid Inductance Calculator

Calculate the long-solenoid inductance approximation.

Solenoid Magnetic Field Calculator

Calculate the long-solenoid magnetic field approximation.

Sound Wavelength Calculator

Calculate wavelength from sound speed and frequency.

Specific Gas Constant Calculator

Calculate a gas's specific gas constant from molar mass.

Specific Gravity Calculator

Calculate specific gravity from sample and reference densities.

Specific Impulse Calculator

Calculate rocket specific impulse from thrust and propellant mass flow.

Speed of Light Calculator

Use the exact vacuum speed of light to calculate a travel time.

Speed of Sound Calculator

Calculate ideal-gas sound speed from heat-capacity ratio, gas constant, and absolute temperature.

Speed of Sound in Solids Calculator

Calculate longitudinal wave speed from Young's modulus and density.

Sphere Density Calculator

Calculate sphere density from mass and radius.

Spherical Capacitor Calculator

Calculate capacitance of a concentric spherical capacitor.

Spring Rate Calculator

Calculate linear spring rate from force and deflection.

Spring Rate Converter

Convert spring rate from N/m to lbf/in.

Stefan-Boltzmann Law Calculator

Calculate emitted and net radiated power from a surface.

True Strain Calculator

Convert engineering strain to logarithmic true strain for a uniform uniaxial deformation.

Van der Waals Equation Calculator

Calculate pressure using the van der Waals equation with explicit SI gas constants.

Relativistic Velocity Addition Calculator

Combine collinear velocities using special-relativistic velocity addition.

Vickers Hardness Number Calculator

Calculate Vickers hardness from test force and mean diamond-indenter diagonal.

Voltage Divider Calculator

Calculate the unloaded output of a two-resistor voltage divider.

Volts to Electron-Volts Converter

For one elementary charge, convert a potential difference in volts to electron-volts.

VSWR Calculator

Calculate voltage standing-wave ratio from reflection-coefficient magnitude.

Water Pressure at Depth Calculator

Calculate hydrostatic gauge and absolute pressure at a specified depth.

Watt-hours Calculator

Calculate energy from power and elapsed time.

Wavelength Calculator

Calculate wavelength from propagation speed and frequency.

Wavenumber Calculator

Calculate spatial and angular wavenumber from wavelength.

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

Calculate divider nodes and differential output for a resistive Wheatstone bridge.

Wien's Law Calculator

Calculate peak thermal-radiation wavelength from absolute temperature.

Wing Loading Calculator

Calculate wing loading from weight force and planform area.

Wire Resistance Calculator

Calculate DC resistance from resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area.

Work Calculator

Calculate constant-force mechanical work with an included angle.

Work and Power Calculator

Calculate constant-force work and average power over a duration.

Hull Speed Calculator

Estimate displacement-hull speed using an explicit 1.34-knots convention.

Circular Motion Calculator

Calculate uniform circular-motion speed, angular speed, or centripetal acceleration.

Displacement Calculator

Calculate one-dimensional displacement as final position minus initial position.

Efficiency Calculator

Calculate output-to-input efficiency as a ratio and percentage.

Wave Speed Calculator

Calculate wave speed from frequency and wavelength using v = fλ.

Watt Converter

Convert watts, SI power units, horsepower, and Btu per hour.

Mass Moment of Inertia Calculator

Calculate standard point-mass, rod, disk, or cylinder moments of inertia.

Surface Tension Calculator

Calculate surface tension, capillary rise, or droplet pressure using a selected model.

Heat Transfer Calculator

Calculate heat-transfer rate using an explicitly selected conduction, convection, radiation, or overall-U model.

Thermal Energy Calculator

Calculate sensible thermal energy from mass, specific heat, and an explicitly entered temperature change.

Thermal Equilibrium Calculator

Calculate final sensible-only equilibrium temperature from masses, heat capacities, and initial temperatures.

Doppler Effect Calculator

Calculate observed frequency from explicitly entered source and observer motion and wave speed.

Stokes' Law Calculator

Calculate low-Reynolds-number settling velocity, drag, or viscosity using explicit fluid and particle inputs.

Resistor Noise Calculator

Calculate Johnson-Nyquist noise voltage from resistance, absolute temperature, bandwidth, and an explicit model.

Relative Humidity Calculator

Calculate relative humidity from temperature and vapor-pressure inputs using the declared Magnus relation.

Friction Factor Calculator

Calculate Darcy friction factor from Reynolds number and relative roughness using a bounded documented approximation.

Absolute Humidity Calculator

Calculate water-vapour mass density from vapour pressure and absolute temperature.

Mean Free Path Calculator

Calculate hard-sphere gas mean free path from pressure, temperature, and molecular diameter.

Air Mixing Ratio Calculator

Calculate water-vapour mixing ratio from vapour pressure and total pressure.

Pendulum Kinetic Energy Calculator

Calculate ideal simple-pendulum kinetic energy gained between two explicit angles.

Manometer Calculator

Calculate hydrostatic pressure difference for a single-fluid U-tube manometer.

Thin-Film Optics Calculator

Calculate optical path and phase difference for a two-beam thin-film model.

Circular Earth Orbit Calculator

Calculate circular-orbit speed, period, and escape speed from mass and radius.

Distance Attenuation Calculator

Calculate inverse-square geometric spreading from a measured reference intensity.

Hohmann Transfer Calculator

Calculate the ideal two-burn delta-v and transfer time between two coplanar circular orbits.

Open-Channel Flow Calculator

Calculate uniform rectangular-channel flow with Manning's equation and explicit geometry, roughness, and slope.

Mixed-Air Temperature Calculator

Calculate the adiabatic sensible mixed temperature of two streams from mass flow, heat capacity, and temperature.

Virtual Temperature Calculator

Calculate meteorological virtual temperature from absolute temperature and an explicitly entered water-vapor mixing ratio.

Isentropic Flow Calculator

Calculate ideal-gas stagnation temperature and pressure from static conditions, Mach number, and heat-capacity ratio.

Bridge Rectifier Calculator

Calculate ideal full-wave bridge output from explicit RMS voltage, diode drop, load, and line frequency.

Density Altitude Calculator

Calculate ISA density altitude from explicit station pressure and air temperature.

Friction Loss Calculator

Calculate Darcy–Weisbach pipe head and pressure loss from explicit fluid and geometry inputs.

Ground Speed Calculator

Calculate ground-speed magnitude and track from explicit east and north airspeed and wind vectors.

Electron Speed Calculator

Invert the relativistic kinetic-energy relation to calculate speed from explicit energy and rest mass.

Laser Spot Size Calculator

Calculate diffraction-limited circular-aperture Airy spot diameter from wavelength and focal geometry.

Mohr's Circle Calculator

Calculate a 2D plane-stress Mohr circle and principal stresses from explicit stress components.

Moisture Content Calculator

Calculate wet-basis and dry-basis moisture content from measured wet and dry masses.

Frequency Bandwidth Calculator

Calculate bandwidth and center frequency from explicit lower and upper frequency edges.

Frequency to Wavelength Calculator

Calculate wavelength from frequency and an explicitly entered propagation speed.

High-Pass Filter Calculator

Calculate the ideal first-order passive RC high-pass cutoff and gain magnitude.

Shockley Diode Calculator

Calculate ideal diode current using the Shockley equation with explicit device and temperature inputs.

Voltage Drop Calculator

Calculate signed voltage drop from current through an explicitly entered lumped resistance.

Capacitor Size Calculator

Calculate the capacitance required for an RC target time constant and its corresponding cutoff.

Generator Power Calculator

Calculate apparent, real input, and real output power from an explicit phase model, voltage, current, power factor, and efficiency.

Decibel (Power Ratio) Calculator

Calculate decibels from an entered power and an explicit reference power.

Sound Absorption Coefficient Calculator

Calculate absorption from incident, reflected, and transmitted acoustic power.

Acoustic Room Reverb Time Calculator

Estimates the reverberation time (RT60) of a room based on its volume, total surface area, and average absorption coefficient, using the Sabine formula.

Antenna Length Calculator

Calculates the physical length of a half-wave dipole antenna for a given frequency, considering the velocity factor of the conductor.

Bending Stress Calculator

Calculates the maximum bending stress in a beam under a point load, based on load, span, and section modulus.

Bicycle Gear Ratio Calculator

Calculates the gear ratio and gear inches for a bicycle drivetrain based on chainring and cassette sprocket sizes.

Biot-Savart Law Calculator

Calculates the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire segment at a point in space using the Biot-Savart law.

Blackbody Peak Wavelength Calculator

Calculates the wavelength at which a blackbody emits the most radiation, based on its temperature, using Wien's displacement law.

Capacitive Power Factor Calculator

Calculates the power factor of a capacitor given its reactive power and the total apparent power in an AC circuit.

Centrifugal Pump Power Calculator

Calculates the hydraulic power required to pump a fluid based on flow rate, head, and fluid density.

Coefficient of Friction Calculator

Calculates the coefficient of friction from the force required to move an object and its normal force, or from the angle of an incline at which sliding begins.

Collision Elasticity Calculator

Calculates the coefficient of restitution for a collision between two objects, measuring how elastic the collision is.

Concrete Slab Weight Calculator

Estimates the total weight of a concrete slab based on its dimensions and the density of the concrete mix.

Conductor Resistance vs Temperature

Calculates the resistance of a conductor at a target temperature given its resistance at a reference temperature and the temperature coefficient of resistance.

Crane Load Capacity Calculator

Estimates the safe lifting capacity of a crane based on boom angle, boom length, and rated capacity.

Current Density Calculator

Calculates current density from electric current and cross-sectional area, or derives current or area when the other two are known.

Cylindrical Tank Volume Calculator

Calculates the volume of a cylindrical tank in liters and cubic meters based on diameter and height.

Physics calculators — Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about the physics tools on Mathify.

What physics calculators are included?

Velocity, force, energy, Ohm's law, and density tools for students and makers.

Are the formulas shown?

Yes. Most tools explain the formula used to produce the result.

Are physics calculators free?

Yes, like every other Mathify tool.