Physics
Instant, private, and free
Surface Tension Calculator.
Choose a standard surface-tension model: force per length, capillary rise, or droplet pressure.
Set your values
Results update as you type.
Results update automatically as you type.
Choose a standard surface-tension model: force per length, capillary rise, or droplet pressure.
Use Cases
Engineering fluid systems
Determine capillary rise in tubes or pressure inside droplets for designing microfluidic devices, inkjet printers, or lab-on-chip systems.
Example: Calculate the capillary rise of water in a 0.5 mm radius tube.
Educational physics experiments
Verify surface tension values for liquids in classroom labs by measuring force and contact length, or by observing capillary action.
Example: Find the surface tension of ethanol using a ring tensiometer.
Frequently Asked Questions
- How do I calculate surface tension using the γ = F / L model?
- Select the 'γ = F / L' model, enter the force (F) in newtons and contact length (L) in meters. The calculator divides force by length to give surface tension in N/m.
- What inputs are needed for the capillary rise model?
- For capillary rise, select that model and enter surface tension (γ), contact angle, liquid density, gravity, and radius. The calculator computes the rise height using the formula h = (2γ cosθ) / (ρ g r).
- How is droplet pressure calculated?
- Select the 'Droplet pressure' model, then enter surface tension (γ) and radius. The calculator uses the Young-Laplace equation ΔP = 2γ / r to find the pressure difference across the droplet surface.
Tips & Common Mistakes
Tips
- Ensure all units match the calculator's defaults: force in N, length in m, density in kg/m³, radius in m, and angle in degrees.
- For capillary rise, use a contact angle less than 90° for liquids that wet the tube; for non-wetting liquids, the angle is greater than 90° and rise becomes depression.
- When using the droplet pressure model, remember that the pressure inside a smaller droplet is higher; check your radius input for consistency.
- If you know the surface tension but need to find force or length, rearrange the formula manually or use the γ = F / L model with known values.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using degrees for the contact angle in the capillary rise model when the calculator expects radians – always check the unit label.
- Forgetting to convert density from g/cm³ to kg/m³ (multiply by 1000) before entering it.
- Mixing up radius and diameter when entering the tube radius for capillary rise or droplet pressure.
Last updated: August 13, 2026