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计算器: Brinell Hardness Number.
使用计算器: Brinell Hardness Number，根据输入获得清晰实用的结果。
此计算器尚未完全翻译——部分文本以英文显示。
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Canonical URL: https://mathify.one/zh/physics/brinell-hardness-number
Cite as: Mathify. (n.d.). 计算器: Brinell Hardness Number. https://mathify.one/zh/physics/brinell-hardness-number
Use Cases
Material hardness testing in quality control
Manufacturers and quality control engineers use Brinell hardness testing to verify that materials meet specified hardness requirements, ensuring consistency and reliability in production.
Example: Checking that a batch of steel plates has a Brinell hardness within the required range.
Comparing hardness of different materials
Engineers and researchers can use the Brinell hardness number to compare the hardness of various metals and alloys, aiding in material selection for specific applications.
Example: Comparing the hardness of aluminum and copper samples for a design project.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the Brinell hardness number (HB)?
- The Brinell hardness number (HB) is a measure of material hardness obtained by pressing a hard spherical indenter (typically a steel or carbide ball) into the material surface under a known force. The resulting indentation diameter is used to calculate the hardness value, which is the ratio of the applied force to the spherical surface area of the indentation.
- How is the Brinell hardness number calculated?
- The Brinell hardness number is calculated using the formula: HB = (2F) / (πD(D - √(D² - d²))), where F is the test force in Newtons, D is the indenter diameter in millimeters, and d is the impression diameter in millimeters. This calculator uses that standard formula.
- What units are used in this calculator?
- The calculator requires the test force in Newtons (N), the indenter diameter in millimeters (mm), and the impression diameter in millimeters (mm). The result is the Brinell hardness number, which is dimensionless.
Tips & Common Mistakes
Tips
- Ensure the test force is applied perpendicular to the surface and maintained for the standard dwell time (typically 10-15 seconds) for accurate results.
- The indentation diameter should be measured using a calibrated microscope or optical system, and the average of two perpendicular readings is often used for precision.
- For very hard materials, use a tungsten carbide ball indenter to avoid deformation of the indenter itself.
- Always verify that the indentation depth is less than one-tenth of the specimen thickness to avoid substrate effects.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using the wrong units for force (e.g., kgf instead of N) without converting, leading to incorrect hardness values.
- Measuring the impression diameter incorrectly, such as including the raised edges or not taking the average of multiple readings.
- Applying the test force for too short or too long a time, which can affect the indentation size and thus the hardness number.
Last updated: August 13, 2026